Citation style guides
Styles differ in how they list authors, where the date goes, what is italicized or quoted, and how DOIs are written. Each guide summarizes the rules from the official manual and ends with examples for every source type produced by this site's formatter.
APA 7th Edition Reference and Citation Guide
APA 7 references and in-text citations: the 20-author rule, et al., sentence case, DOI format, and examples for theses, reports and web pages.
02MLA 9th Edition Works Cited and Citation Guide
MLA 9 core elements and containers, month abbreviations, page ranges, URLs and DOIs, UP for presses, and author–page citations with examples.
03Chicago Style 18th Edition: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date
Chicago 18th edition, both systems: the six-author rule, no place of publication, page ranges (9.64), and full notes, short notes and bibliographies.
04IEEE Reference Style: Numbered Citations, Six-Author Rule, Abbreviations and Examples
IEEE style checked against the current IEEE Reference Guide: bracketed numbering, initials-first names, et al. after six authors, month and journal abbreviations, doi and online elements, with official examples.
05Vancouver Reference Style: NLM and ICMJE Rules for Authors, Dates, Pages and Examples
Vancouver style checked against NLM Citing Medicine (2nd ed.) and the ICMJE sample references: Smith AB names, et al. after six authors, 2020 Mar;12(3):45-67 dates, shortened page ranges, NLM abbreviations and web elements.
06Citing in Korean Journals: Social Science and Humanities Formats Compared
Korea has no single citation standard; each journal's guidelines rule. We compare six Korean journals and explain the APA-based social science format and the footnote-based humanities format with corner brackets.
07How In-Text Citations Work: Parenthetical, Narrative, Secondary Sources
Parenthetical vs narrative citations, the four citation systems, quotations, paraphrases, secondary sources and locators, compared across major styles.
08Et al. Rules: How Many Authors to List in Each Citation Style
How many authors to list and when to use et al. in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18, IEEE and Vancouver, for reference lists and in-text citations.
09DOIs and URLs in Citations: Format, Access Dates and Final Periods
What a DOI is, how to find one, Crossref vs DataCite, and how APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE and Vancouver format DOIs, URLs and access dates.
10Thesis Formatting Guide: Order, Margins, Numbering and Final Checks
Thesis formatting explained with real university rules: order of parts, margins, spacing, page and heading numbering, and final checks.
11Title Case Rules for APA, Chicago and MLA
Title case vs. sentence case in APA 7, Chicago 18 and MLA 9: which words stay lowercase, the new Chicago preposition rule, and exceptions.